What is the purpose of a 10-14 gauge needle catheter?

The primary purpose of a 10-14 gauge needle catheter is to treat tension pneumothorax. This condition occurs when air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure that can collapse the lung and compromise cardiovascular function. In emergency situations, particularly in a tactical combat environment, rapid decompression of the pleural space is critical to preventing severe complications or death.

Using a large bore needle, such as a 10-14 gauge catheter, allows for swift insertion into the chest cavity to release trapped air, thereby alleviating the pressure on the lungs and facilitating proper respiration. This procedure is often referred to as needle decompression or needle thoracostomy and can be life-saving in urgent care scenarios.

Other options do not align with the specific function of the catheter in the context of treating life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax. Injections, administering oral medications, and measuring blood pressure serve different medical needs and do not involve the immediate, emergency intervention that a 10-14 gauge needle catheter provides for respiratory distress from tension pneumothorax.