What is the recommended procedure for managing a tension pneumothorax?

Managing a tension pneumothorax involves immediate and decisive actions to alleviate the pressure in the pleural space that is compromising the patient's respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The correct procedure entails both needle decompression and chest tube insertion.

Needle decompression is performed to quickly release the pressure buildup in the thoracic cavity by inserting a large-bore needle into the second intercostal space in the midclavicular line of the affected side. This step provides immediate relief of the pressure that is preventing adequate lung expansion and causing respiratory distress.

Following needle decompression, chest tube insertion is necessary to allow for continuous drainage of air (or fluid) from the pleural space and to help re-establish normal intrathoracic pressure over time. This two-step procedure is vital to ensure the patient can breathe adequately and sustain blood oxygen levels.

Other options may be beneficial in different contexts of patient care, but they do not address the urgent life-threatening nature of a tension pneumothorax. Administering intravenous fluids may help in managing hypovolemia but does not resolve the pneumothorax itself, while providing supplemental oxygen can support oxygenation but will not address the underlying issue of trapped air. Monitoring vital signs is essential for any patient, especially